M1-2 Quiz 3

Volcanoes, Atoms, and States of Matter

Science Reading: Earth, Matter, and Atoms ---instructions Part 1: Volcanoes Read the text below about how volcanoes work. ---text Volcanoes A volcano is like a mountain that opens downward to a pool of molten rock below the surface of the Earth. When pressure builds up, eruptions occur. Gases and rock shoot up through the opening and spill over or fill the air with lava fragments. Hot liquid rock under the Earth's surface is called magma. When it comes out of the volcano, it is called lava. Volcanoes can be active, dormant, or extinct. An active volcano can erupt at any time. A dormant volcano has not erupted recently but might again. An extinct volcano will not erupt again. Many volcanoes are in the Ring of Fire, which is an area around the edge of the Pacific Ocean. ---vocab-4 molten: melted by heat eruption: a sudden explosion dormant: sleeping; not active now fragment: a small, broken piece ---cloze-3 1. Hot liquid rock under the ground is called *magma*. 2. When rock comes out of the volcano, it is called *lava*. 3. Many volcanoes are in the Ring of *Fire*. ---questions-3 Q: What happens when pressure builds up? A: An eruption occurs. [correct] A: The mountain sleeps. A: The rock becomes cold. Q: Which volcano will never erupt again? A: Active A: Dormant A: Extinct [correct] Q: Where is the Ring of Fire located? A: Around the Pacific Ocean [correct] A: Under the Atlantic Ocean A: Inside a dormant volcano ---instructions Part 2: States of Matter Read about solids, liquids, and gases. ---text Three States of Matter Everything around us is made of matter. Matter usually comes in three different forms, or states. These states are solid, liquid, and gas. A solid has a shape that does not change easily. A rock, a book, and a pencil are examples of solids. A liquid does not have its own shape. It takes the shape of its container. Milk and juice are liquids. A gas moves freely and spreads out to fill any space. The air we breathe is a gas. Some substances, like water, can be a solid, a liquid, or a gas at different temperatures. ---vocab-4 matter: what things are made of solid: hard; keeps its shape container: something that holds things (like a cup) temperature: how hot or cold something is ---cloze-3 1. A *solid* has a shape that does not change easily. 2. Milk and juice are examples of *liquids*. 3. A *gas* spreads out to fill any space. ---questions-3 Q: Which one is a solid? A: Air A: Water A: A book [correct] Q: What does a liquid do? A: It keeps its own shape. A: It takes the shape of its container. [correct] A: It always becomes hard. Q: What can water become at different temperatures? A: Only a liquid A: Only a gas A: A solid, liquid, or gas [correct] ---instructions Part 3: Atoms Read about the tiny particles that make up the universe. ---text How Small is an Atom? Have you ever wondered what things are made of? Everything in the universe is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are very, very small. A single human hair is much wider than an atom. In fact, one hair is as thick as 500,000 atoms! An atom has a center called the core. Inside the core, there are protons and neutrons. There are also electrons. The electrons move around the core very fast. Here is a surprise: Atoms are mostly empty space. If we remove the empty space, all the people in the world could fit inside a teaspoon. It is hard to imagine, but it is true! ---vocab-4 particle: a very small piece core: the center part electron: a tiny part that moves fast universe: everywhere; all space and things ---cloze-3 1. Everything is made of tiny particles called *atoms*. 2. A single human *hair* is wider than an atom. 3. Atoms are mostly empty *space*. ---questions-3 Q: How big is an atom? A: Very small [correct] A: As big as a hair A: As big as a teaspoon Q: What is inside the core? A: Only air A: Protons and neutrons [correct] A: People Q: What is surprising about atoms? A: They are very heavy. A: They are mostly empty space. [correct] A: They are made of water.